Subject: Want to check my arithmetic?
From: John Haggerty <haggerty@bnl.gov>
Date: 1/2/13 7:37 PM
To: "Lynch, Don" <dlynch@bnl.gov>, "Robert P. Pisani" <pisani@bnl.gov>, "Eric Mannel" <mannel@nevis.columbia.edu>, "Hubert W. Van Hecke" <hubert@lanl.gov>

Hello,

I plotted up some of the cavitation properties of Novec 7200 as best I could and checked them against the online calculator Hubert pointed out:

http://easycalculation.com/physics/fluid-mechanics/cavitation-number.php

I got vapor pressure and density from 3M:

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CDQQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fsolutions.3mcesko.cz%2F3MContentRetrievalAPI%2FBlobServlet%3Flmd%3D1308661093000%26locale%3Dcs_CZ%26assetType%3DMMM_Image%26assetId%3D1273686640590%26blobAttribute%3DImageFile&ei=y3vkUP2TEOm10AHNj4CoDQ&usg=AFQjCNEpja4ZwouI1I5bPbNqRom4zg11ag&sig2=PbIxXm8iV-Yc9Iet40-1Iw

(just Google for Novec 7200 for that).

As I understand this, you get a small cavitation number when the local pressure is near the vapor pressure, so that you get boiling or nucleation of bubbles, so a small k means you can be close to cavitation.  I used the 7 psi pressure of the bulk, but locally the pressure can be different, and I don't know the fluid velocity, but I show 1 m/s and 10 m/s.

I thought someone might want to check my units and arithmetic, so I attached the plots and macro.  If I got this right, it seems to me to indicate that it's possible there are places where the flow is fast enough to cause cavitation, but I'm no expert in fluids, and I'm not sure I know exactly what's going on in these teeny-weeny tubes....

-- 
John Haggerty
email: haggerty@bnl.gov
cell: 631 741 3358

novec.C

const Double_t pressure = 48263.3011; // 7 psi

Double_t vapor( Double_t *t, Double_t *par = NULL )
{
  // vapor pressure in Pa
  Double_t tt = t[0];
  //  cout << "vapor T: " << tt << endl;
  return TMath::Exp( 22.289 - (3752.1/(tt+273.0)) );
}

Double_t density( Double_t *t, Double_t *par = NULL  ) 
{
  // density in g/ml to kg/m^3
  Double_t tt = t[0];
  Double_t rho = 1.4811 - 0.0023026*tt;
  //  cout << "density T: " << tt << endl;
  return 1000.0*rho;
}

Double_t cavitation( Double_t *t, Double_t *par )
{

  Double_t tt = t[0];
  Double_t p = par[0];
  Double_t v = par[1];
  
  cout << "p: " << p << " v: " << v << " T: " << tt
       << " vapor pressure: " << vapor(t)
       << " density: " << density(t) << endl;

  Double_t k;

  k = 2.0*(p - vapor( t ) )/(density( t )*TMath::Power(v,2));
  return k;

}

Int_t drawvapor ( void )
{

  TF1 *p;
  p = new TF1( "p", vapor, -20.0, 30.0, 0 );
  p->SetTitle("Novec 7200 vapor pressure");
  p->GetXaxis()->SetTitle("T (^{#circ}C)");
  p->GetYaxis()->SetTitle("P_{V} (Pa)");
  p->GetYaxis()->SetTitleOffset( 1.5 );
  p->Draw();

  return 0;

}

Int_t drawk ( void )
{

  TLegend *leg = new TLegend( 0.7, 0.8, 0.89, 0.89 );
  leg->SetFillColor(0);
  leg->SetBorderSize(0);

  TF1 *k;
  k = new TF1( "k", cavitation, -20.0, 30.0, 2 );
  k->SetTitle("Cavitation number for Novec 7200");
  k->SetParameter( 0, pressure );
  k->SetParameter( 1, 1.0 );
  k->SetLineColor( kRed );
  leg->AddEntry( k, "v = 1 m/s", "L" );
  k->Draw();

  TF1 *kk;
  kk = new TF1( "kk", cavitation, -20.0, 30.0, 2 );
  kk->SetLineColor( kBlue );
  kk->SetParameter( 0, pressure );
  kk->SetParameter( 1, 10.0 );
  leg->AddEntry( kk, "v = 10 m/s", "L" );
  kk->Draw("same");

  k->GetXaxis()->SetTitle("T (^{#circ}C)");
  k->GetYaxis()->SetTitle("k");  
  k->GetYaxis()->SetRangeUser(0.1,200.0);

  leg->Draw();

  return 0;

}


Followup from ROB:
Some system specs for now just to put them out there.

Delta P across all staves in loop 24psi (input is 24psi.  output at
detector is very close to Zero)  Head pressure from the Manifold to
the detector is reading around 7-8psi which is about what we see when
we are flowing. I'm putting in a gauge tomorrow to get a real number.

Staves are hooked up as follows,  2 staves in parallel.  That pair is
in series with another pair that is in parallel.  So is if every stave
is the same, the pressure drop of the first pair should be  from 24psi
to 12psi, the second pair should be 12psi to almost zero.

Flow rates.  Typically we are flowing a total of around 20gph through
the loop.  Since we split the flow, each stave sees around 10 gph.
The Al tubing is 5mm by 10mm.
From that, if I did it right, the velocity is 0.21m/s.  This is the
average velocity in the Al tube. The fluid accelerates when it leaves
the first pair of staves and travels in the 1/8" OD tube and whenever
it enter and exits a stave.

John, can you put that velocity into your macro and see that that looks like.

Rob