Preliminary Safety Assessment Document

for the

Booster Neutrino Experiment

July 23, 1999

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

Operated by Universities Research Association Inc.

Under Contract with the United States Department of Energy

This Preliminary Safety Assessment Document contains confidential commercial information that shall be used or duplicated only for official Governmental purposes and this notice shall be affixed to any reproduction of abstract thereof. Disclosure of the confidential commercial information contained in this report outside the Government shall not be made without the advice of counsel. The restrictions contained in this notice do not apply to any data or information in this report that is not commercial information or to information generally available to the public on an unrestricted basis.

Preface

This Preliminary Safety Assessment Document (PSAD) contains Hazard/Risk Analysis for each phase of the construction, implementation and operation of the Booster Neutrino Experiment (MiniBooNE) detector facility. This analysis systematically identifies the hazards that may be associated with each phase. Through this analysis and the resulting PSAD, the Laboratory, through its Beams Division and Particle Physics Division, and as represented by the MiniBooNE collaboration and the MiniBooNE managers, intends to assure that environmental protection and health and safety matters related to this Project have been identified and that they are adequately addressed in the design and operation of this facility. This PSAD has been prepared in accordance with Fermilab ES&H Manual, Chapter 2010, dated 10/29/98. This PSAD, when combined with a second PSAD for the 8 GeV Target Station, will provide the basis for the MiniBooNE Safety Assessment Document, which will describe in detail how each of the potential hazards of operation have been avoided or mitigated. This document has been compiled by the MiniBooNE Collaboration, E-898; questions should be directed to P.S. Martin of the Beams Division.

SAFETY ASSESSMENT DOCUMENT READINESS REVIEW DOCUMENTATION FORM

PSAD TITLE AND DATE:

Preliminary Safety Assessment Document for the Detector for the Booster Neutrino Experiment; July 23, 1999

THIS DOCUMENT DESCRIBES:

New Facility XXXXXXX New Experiment

Existing Facility Major Modification

Entire Program Decommissioning

FERMI NATIONAL ACCELERATOR LABORATORY

Safety Document Approval: XXXXXX Authorization to Operate Facility: ________

Project Manager - Beam/Date: ________________________________________

Project Manager - MiniBooNE/Date: ________________________________________

FNAL Division/Section Head/Date: ________________________________________

FNAL Division/Section Head/Date: ________________________________________

FNAL Senior Safety Officer/Date: ________________________________________

FNAL Associate Director for Operations/Date (if appropriate): _________________________________

FNAL Director/Date (if appropriate): ________________________________________

ES&H/Admin Form #7 Page 1 of 1

Revised 10/95

Table of Contents

1.0Introduction

This PSAD addresses the safety analysis of one part of the MiniBooNE Accelerator Improvement Project (AIP). The MiniBooNE AIP consists of a Target Station for producing a low-energy neutrino beam, and of a detector. This PSAD deals with the MiniBooNE Detector; a second PSAD will deal with the Target Station, and the two PSADs will be combined into a single SAD at a later date. The MiniBooNE AIP is one of two closely related AIPs: the 8 GeV Fixed Target Facility and the MiniBooNE Project. A separate PSAD also addresses the 8 GeV Fixed Target Facility. We at times refer to the MiniBooNE collaboration, which consists of members of two national laboratories (including Fermilab) and eight Universities working together to accomplish the goals of E-898; MiniBooNE.

The MiniBooNE project has a project manager whose function in the Beams Division and in the Laboratory is described in the Project Management Plan. For the purpose of this PSAD, the project manager has the Laboratory and Divisional authority and responsibility for safety.

This Preliminary Safety Assessment Document (PSAD) contains a Hazard/Risk Analysis, performed by the MiniBooNE collaboration and the Laboratory staff, for each phase of the construction, implementation and operation of the Project. This review is intended to ensure that matters of environmental protection and worker health and safety related to this Project have been identified and that they can be adequately addressed in the design, construction and operation of this facility. This PSAD has been prepared in accordance with Chapter 2010 of the Fermilab ES&H Manual (FESHM).

It is the intent of the authors that this document should maintain a narrow focus on the subjects described in the preceding paragraph. Hence, descriptions of other aspects of the project as given here will be highly abbreviated, with references indicating other MiniBooNE documents that give a more complete description. The interested reader should consult these documents, which are available from the MiniBooNE Collaboration.

1.1Purpose of the MiniBooNE Project

The purpose of the MiniBooNE Project is to construct facilities, utilizing the 8 GeV Fixed Target Facility, for a program of investigation into the properties of neutrinos, focusing on research on neutrino oscillations. The program will require the construction of a target station for producing a high intensity neutrino beam, experimental facilities and detectors. Detailed descriptions of the motivation and justification of the Project can be found in the MiniBooNE Proposal¹.

1.2Description of the Project

The project manager, in cooperation with the MiniBooNE collaboration, has prepared concise Technical Design Reports (TDR) and Conceptual Design Reports (CDR) that summarize (a) the 8 GeV Fixed Target Facility² and (b) the MiniBooNE Target Hall, beam absorbers, and Detector³. This section will provide a brief overview of the MiniBooNE Detector.

1.2.1The Elements of the MiniBooNE Beam and Detector

The Project includes both technical elements and civil construction. The technical elements of the detector include photomultiplier tubes, electronics, and oil-handling equipment. Civil construction includes the detector vault, the detector tank, the detector support enclosure, earth overburden, and utilities. These technical and civil elements include the following.

• MiniBooNE Detector Vault (cylindrical excavation approximately 50' in diameter and 45' deep, concrete-lined, to house detector tank), with access hatches for personnel and equipment.

• MiniBooNE Detector (40' diameter spherical tank, with mineral oil, veto-shield, and 1520 phototubes)

• MiniBooNE Detector Support Enclosure (surface-level enclosure, covered with berm, to house electronics and oil-handling equipment), including a monorail and 2-ton hoist.

• Utilities for the detector vault and support structure, including switchgear, two 150 kVA transformers, stepdown transformers, sumps, and air-handling equipment.

These facilities will be located on the southwest side of the Fermilab site. The beam provided by the 8 GeV Fixed Target Facility is pointed roughly north at the time it enters the Target Hall, where it will impinge on a target, producing a neutrino beam aimed at the detector located 500 meters from the target. The detector is located approximately 800 feet to the south and west of the Lederman Educational Center, adjacent to a future road to be constructed by others (as part of the NuMI project or as a separate GPP.) A full description of this element of the project, including drawings prepared by Fermilab's Facilities Engineering Services Section (FESS), are included in the CDRs. The MiniBooNE Detector is designated as Project 6-7-56, and is scheduled for being bid in the summer of 1999, with construction beginning in September, 1999.

1.2.2The Neutrino Beam

The neutrino beam will be produced by targeting 5 x 10¹² 8-GeV protons at a repetition rate averaging 5 Hz; allowing for downtime of the accelerator complex, this translates to a requested 5 x 10²⁰ 8-GeV protons per year. All hadrons and muons will be ranged out before reaching the detector, so neutrinos will be the only beam constituents traversing the detector. The building housing the detector will not be considered a radiation area.

The beam design, its possible variations and physics potential are fully described in References 1-3.

1.2.3The Detector

This element includes the design, construction and installation of the detector - a 12-m diameter spherical steel tank, filled with mineral oil and fitted with 1520 photomultiplier tubes. The detector tank is installed inside a concrete detector enclosure; the concrete walls serve as containment in the event of oil leaks or spills. A surface-level support enclosure houses electronics and oil-handling equipment; this enclosure is covered with berm for cosmic-ray shielding; three meters of overburden is required to reduce the cosmic-ray background for the experiment. The oil-handling equipment includes a 2500-gallon storage tank (obtained from Los Alamos National Laboratory), recirculating pumps, and equipment for checking oil purity. The 2500-gallon tank is placed within its own containment pit. The design and planned construction of these detectors is more fully described in the MiniBooNE Detector CDR and TDR.

1.3Roles, Responsibility and Organization

Management of the MiniBooNE Project by the Department of Energy and by Fermilab is discussed in the Project Management Plan⁴ (PMP). Fermilab will be responsible for the safe design, construction, commissioning and operation of the MiniBooNE project.

1.3.1Line Management Responsibility for Safety

The project manager is responsible for all safety provisions and the preparation of all safety reports for the MiniBooNE Project, including the Shielding Assessment and the Safety Assessment Document. It is expected that the construction of the detector will be managed through the Beams Division. However, once the civil construction is completed, the facility will be managed by the Particle Physics Division, during the installation and operational phases. The BD ES&H Dept. will provide assistance in the development of ES&H-related documents and will provide guidance on ES&H issues during the construction phase, while the PPD ES&H Dept. will assume these roles during the installation and operational phase. Any monitoring programs will be provided by the ES&H Dept. under whose jurisdiction the detector falls at that point in time.

The Heads of the Beams Division and the Particle Physics Division have jointly appointed a MiniBooNE Safety Review Committee. This committee will review safety aspects of the 8 GeV Fixed Target Facility, the neutrino beam target hall and decay enclosure, and the MiniBooNE detector, assuring that the line organization will function in accordance with all applicable ES&H regulations, standards and good practices during the detector construction, installation and operation.

The Fermilab ES&H Section provides an additional source of expertise, and is responsible for auditing the implementation of the Laboratory's Work Smart Standards. The ES&H Section is also responsible for reviewing safety-related documentation.

The work of all of these organizations as it pertains to the Project is coordinated through the project manager, as described in the Project Management Plan.

The FESHM states that "The Divisions/Sections may review new projects or facilities. This may be done through a Safety Review Panel." The BD ES&H Dept., the ES&H Section, and the chairman of the Safety Review committee have participated in the Lab wide review of the MiniBooNE Detector design; the BD ES&H Dept. and the PPD ES&H Dept. have reviewed and approved this document prior to its formal submission to the ES&H Section.

1.3.2Quality Assurance

It is the policy of the MiniBooNE project that all activities shall be performed at a level of quality appropriate to achieving the technical, cost, and schedule objectives of the project and at the same time ensuring that all related ES&H considerations are properly addressed. The Fermilab Quality Assurance plan is presently being revised within the context of the Fermilab Director's Policy. For the MiniBooNE Project, conformance to the requirements of the Fermilab Quality Assurance Plan will occur through Director's Reviews, the MiniBooNE Safety Committee reviews, project management reviews, and Quality Assurance programs of the Divisions and Sections whose personnel are assigned to the MiniBooNE project .

2.0Inventory and Mitigation of Hazards

This chapter is intended to identify those aspects of the Project which present potential hazards; either to the project personnel, the environment, or the public at large. By determining the categories and analyses used for those hazards, this document purposes to show that each of them can be mitigated.

Many of the hazards that will be encountered are the type which are routinely encountered during construction, operation, and decommissioning activities at Fermilab. The various risks associated with these activities were scored and ranked using the ES&H Risk-Based Priority Model (RPM). The results of the hazard assessment and risk analysis are documented⁵ in a set of Hazard Assessment Tables, which are available from the MiniBooNE Collaboration. The applicable regulations, standards, and safety and health requirements for the mitigation of these hazards are cited in the Fermilab "Work Smart Set" (N&S) Standards, FESHM, and subcontractor contract exhibits.

There will be some activities and hazards that are not routinely encountered at Fermilab, such as life safety/emergency preparedness associated with work in the detector tank. To address these, the MiniBooNE Collaboration has utilized the expertise of knowledgeable consultants and experienced contractors for means of mitigating the hazards.

2.1Construction and Installation Phase

This section addresses the hazards, and means of mitigation, which will be encountered in the civil construction of the MiniBooNE facilities and the assembly and installation of beamline components and experimental detectors. ES&H procedures for these activities will be established in coordination with the ES&H Departments of the Beams Division and the Particle Physics Division.

2.1.1Fire Safety

There are no large inventories of highly flammable material either in the Target Hall or in the MiniBooNE detector. These facilities will be equipped with appropriate line-type heat detectors and/or fire/smoke air sampling-detection as required for area or experiment or facility protection.

The interior of the detector tank, following completion but before installation of the experimental equipment, is to be painted with Plasite 9060, an amine-cured epoxy coating used in the food and beverage industries. The solvent in this coating is flammable. During the application of the coating, measures will be taken to lock out all electrical equipment which are not rated explosion-proof; equipment producing heat, sparks or open flames must be kept from the area. Personnel working in the tank will be fitted with appropriate respiratory protection and coveralls, and adequate ventilation will be provided. A Job Hazard Analysis will be written and approved before work on this task commences.

The detector tank will be filled with approximately 800 tons of mineral oil. Mineral oil has a flash point of 420 F. The interior of the tank will be maintained in a nitrogen environment to protect the oil from oxidation, and to reduce the potential for fire. The exterior of the tank will have sprinklers to maintain it at ambient temperature in the event of a fire. Materials used in the facilities and experiments will be fire-resistant and approved by the ES&H Section Fire Protection Engineer.

The installation of electronics, power supplies, and all other electrical components of the experiments performed in this facility will be in accordance with the guidelines of the FESHM Chapter 5040 to ensure that they do not constitute a fire hazard, and will be reviewed by the ad hoc MiniBooNE safety review committee.

2.1.2General Construction Safety

No new safety and health hazards are likely to be encountered in the civil construction of the Project that have not been already encountered at Fermilab. The subcontractors performing the work will be pre-qualified and each will develop a hazard analysis and a safety plan for the work to be done. These plans will comply with applicable OSHA requirements. Fermilab will appoint Construction Coordinator(s) who will oversee the subcontractor's on-site safety performance and QA and ES&H programs. They will fulfill an auditory role to ensure that all work is carried out in accordance with the subcontractor's safety and Quality Assurance plans. The ES&H Section will provide ES&H support for the Construction Coordinator. The subcontractor will be required to appoint a competent person on safety procedures; this person shall be present on site at all times while work is ongoing. The qualifications of this competent person will be commensurate with the hazards of the work activity in progress, as defined by OSHA standards.

Any Fermilab employee or user seeking access to the construction site must have the appropriate safety training and equipment. The subcontractor will control access to the work areas and will set the minimum requirements for entry. All subcontractors must attend Fermilab's Subcontractor Safety Orientation Training. Any subcontractors requiring access to existing beamline enclosures will be trained by Fermilab ES&H personnel in Fermilab Access Control and in radiation safety.

Test borings have been made in the vicinity of the detector. These borings provide quantitative information regarding rock type and structure, as well as hydraulic conductivity at different depths. The information from these borings will allow the construction of the facilities to be designed in the safest manner, including the design of excavation slopes and the detector supports.

As noted in Section 2.1.1., the interior of the detector tank is to be painted with Plasite 9060. Prior to application of the coating, the interior of the tank must be grit-blasted using a Venturi blast nozzle supplied with 80 to 100 psi in accordance with SSPC-SP5 or NACE No. 1. Personnel protective equipment and ventilation shall be provided in accordance with OSHA 1910.94(a) during this operation.

2.1.3Flooding Hazards

The location of these facilities is well above the aquifer, at depths shallower than the recently constructed Main Injector ring. The potential for flooding is minimal except under abnormally heavy rainfall. Facility construction will minimize water inflow through stream diversions for improved construction efficiency, safety, and to minimize environmental effects. Erosion and sediment controls will be implemented in accordance with a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) which each subcontractor must submit for approval prior to construction. The sump water collection and removal system will be designed to provide capacity for large accidental water inflows; sump discharge locations will be specified in the SWPPP. The sump discharges will be directed into nearby drainage ditches using appropriate silt retention devices.

2.1.4Mechanical Hazards During Installation

Construction of the detector will involve transporting, lifting, moving, positioning, and assembly of many large, heavy, and awkward components. A hazard risk assessment will be conducted to evaluate the hazards to personnel during the installation and determine the means to mitigate the hazards. The detector tank, which will later contain 800 tons of mineral oil, will be designed and fabricated by one of the limited number of companies with extensive experience in this area.

Personnel access to the MiniBooNE detector is by a short ladder leading to a spiral staircase for access to the vault and a manhole at the bottom of the tank for access into the tank. Equipment accesses include one 8'-diameter access at the top of the tank and one 3.5' x 4' access hatch to the vault, both under the 2-ton hoist, and two access hatches for sump equipment (no hoist coverage). OSHA regulations and procedures describing the safe usage of vertical shafts and hoistways will be implemented for the MiniBooNE access shafts at Fermilab. Any support structure that must carry over 15 tons will be reviewed for adherence to standard FNAL engineering practices. In this context, the detector tank legs, which will be designed by competent outside firms with extensive expertise in this area, would not be reviewed by Fermilab. Special lifting fixtures and transports will be designed for use with those components that require them. All lifting fixtures will be engineered, fabricated, and tested in accordance with ANSI/ASME Standard B30.20 (Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices). All applicable Fermilab design, usage and inspection standards governing lifting devices will also be met in accordance with FESHM Chapter 5022. (The maximum allowable lifting load will be legibly marked on each fixture. Sufficient space will be available inside the enclosures for personnel to remain clear of all lifting operations. Crane training, crane interlocks, inspections, and periodic maintenance will follow the procedures listed in the FESHM Chapters 5021.

The spokespersons of the MiniBooNE collaboration have designated the collaborators from Princeton University to study the assembly of detector components, so as to develop the most efficient method of safe assembly.

Fermilab is located in Earthquake Zone 1, an area of minor risk. The calculated horizontal seismic force on each item of equipment is less than 6% of its weight, which corresponds to a tipping angle of about 3 degrees.⁶ Mechanical structures and supports will be designed to handle such horizontal force.

2.1.5Electrical Hazards During Installation

The electrical systems used in this Project and the hazards associated with them are, for the most part, similar to those of other experimental areas at Fermilab. Established ES&H procedures and Lock Out/Tag Out procedures will be employed to assure safety. Hazards associated with electrical systems will be mitigated through the use of such procedures and through a system of interlocks.

Humidity levels in the detector vault and the support structure will be controlled in order to avoid debilitating corrosion of electrical equipment, lighting fixtures, or detector equipment. Controls will consist of external air intakes with dehumidification capability and/or dehumidifiers in the enclosure.

2.1.6Industrial Safety and Hygiene

Industrial Hygiene issues to be addressed during the construction and installation phase include hazardous atmospheres and hazardous material control. In addition, there are numerous general safety issues to be addressed during the installation of detector components in the MiniBooNE enclosure. These include the movement of heavy equipment, working from ladders, installation of electrical circuits and utilities, coordination of work areas and general safety issues associated with working in underground enclosures.

The detector enclosure will be a confined space, and subject to entry procedures as required in FESHM Chapter 5063. None of the enclosures is expected to be an ODH Class higher than ODH 0 during routine activities. Some activities, such as the painting of the interior of the detector tank, may be identified during the Job Hazard Analysis as requiring special precautions.

The control of hazards in these categories is addressed through the application of OSHA and other relevant standards, such as ANSI and ACGIH, as well as the FESHM. Work performed at Fermilab will be conducted in conformance with these standards. Certified Fermilab task managers ensure the trade personnel perform in accordance with the safety requirements of the contract.

2.1.7Environmental Protection During Construction

The Environmental Assessment (EA) for this Project⁷ addresses several potential environmental issues that must be addressed during the construction phase. These include the disposition of spoils from the excavation, dust, potential impacts to ground and surface water, disposal of waste, and the management of a large inventory of mineral oil. The potential consequences, and, where necessary, mitigation measures are discussed in the EA.

2.1.8Radiological Hazards During Construction

The MiniBooNE detector tank welds will be radiographed to assure the weld quality. The radiography will be done by a qualified outside contractor, pursuant to Fermilab procedures.

The detector enclosure will have continuous ventilation during the installation phase, ensuring that no elevated levels of naturally occurring radon gas will be encountered during the construction phase. Following completion of the tank and the placement of the roof above, the vault will become a confined space, at which point air monitoring procedures will be in effect.

2.1.9Lasers

Lasers will be used by the Fermilab Alignment and Metrology Group to verify the location of the contractor-installed fixtures on the inside of the detector tank. The laser-tracker has been in almost constant use at Fermilab during the Main Injector installation. The work using the laser-tracker will be done in accordance with FESHM Chapter 5062.

2.2Operational Phase

As stated above in Section 1.3.1, it is expected that jurisdiction for the MiniBooNE detector will shift from the Beams Division to the Particle Physics Division once the civil construction is complete. Prior to operation of the MiniBooNE detectors, they will be subject to an operational readiness review by the Particle Physics Division.

2.2.1Life Safety - Egress

Since this Project includes the construction of a unique facility, which does not fit within the general standards of the BOCA Building Code or NFPA Life Safety Code 101, a fire hazard analysis was necessary to determine the appropriate levels of life safety and fire protection for the underground facilities. To that end, Fermilab requested an engineering evaluation from its fire protection consultant (Gage-Babcock & Associates) to determine whether the proposed design features, such as number and location of shafts, elevators, stairways, etc., provide adequate life safety protection. The design criteria for this Project were analyzed in relation to comparable projects. The criteria included the number and location of shafts, elevators and stairways; the configuration of the access tunnel; and other fire safety considerations. The final report of the Gage-Babcock study⁸ provides the basis of the life safety design.

Fire protection and life safety issues are addressed for facilities above the ground in accordance with Fermilab's Work Smart Standards.

2.2.2Fire Protection

As stated in Section Life Safety - Egress, these facilities do not fall within the general standards of the BOCA Building Code or NFPA Life Safety Code 101. A fire hazard analysis was therefore conducted by an outside consultant (Gage-Babcock & Associates) under the guidance of a Fermilab Fire Protection Engineer. The design and construction of the target hall, the Target Service Building, and the detector hall will include the installation of fire detection and ventilation systems as recommended in Reference 8.

2.2.3Electrical Hazards

Administrative rules, enforced by use of the electrical interlock system, will prohibit personnel from being in MiniBooNE enclosures (but not the MiniBooNE detector) when the beam transport magnets are energized. In those cases for which power-on accesses are required, Beams Division procedures for controlling such accesses explicitly prohibit power-on accesses by personnel with pacemakers. Contractors working within existing beamline enclosures will be given Lock-Out/Tag-Out training by the Beams Division ES&H Department.

2.2.4Radiological Hazards

There are no radiological hazards associated with the MiniBooNE detector during the operational phase. There are no hazards associated with prompt radiation, residual radiation, air activation, nor groundwater contamination. There are no radioactive water systems. All muons and hadrons produced at the Target Station are ranged out before they reach the MiniBooNE Detector. The neutrinos produced at the target station which arrive at the detector (and beyond) do not present a radiological hazard. The dose equivalent due to neutrinos has been analyzed⁹ for the general situation and for the NuMI project in particular. A further analysis¹⁰ for the MiniBooNE detector reveals that the expected dose is roughly 10 nanorads/year.

2.2.5Mechanical Hazards

There are no significant or unusual mechanical hazards associated with the MiniBooNE Detector. The detector support enclosure will be furnished with a monorail and 2-ton hoist, the installation, testing, use and maintenance of which will be done according to the established procedures of the ES&H Manual, Section 5020. Lifting and rigging equipment required for the beamline and detector installation will also be governed by Section 5020. Safety procedures of the FESHM will be followed for all maintenance activities.

2.2.6Stray Magnetic Fields

The MiniBooNE detector will contain no significant magnetic fields within the detector or in the support enclosure.

2.2.7Hazardous/Flammable Materials

The MiniBooNE detector will not contain any significant amount of flammable, hazardous or toxic materials, apart from the 250,000 gallons of mineral oil. To minimize the likelihood of fire, the mineral oil contained in the MiniBooNE detector tank will be covered with a nitrogen atmosphere. Further, the outer tank surface will be protected with a deluge water spray system to insure the tank temperature remains well below the flash point of the oil.

2.2.8Cryogenics and Oxygen Deficiency Hazards

There are no cryogenics systems planned for use in this Project. The detector vault will be classified and posted as a confined space during operations, and access will be controlled according to PPD ES&H procedures; this includes requirements for air-sampling for ODH, flammability and toxicity. The ventilation of these facilities will be based upon the recommendations of Reference 8 and will take into consideration any possible ODH areas or radon mitigation. The focus of HVAC design, however, will be on life safety and fire protection. Monitoring for radioactivity and/or potentially harmful gases will be performed as appropriate.

2.2.9 Flooding Hazards and Underground Water Control

The detector enclosure will have sump water level alarms, which will be monitored by the FIRUS system. Flooding in this enclosure does not pose a threat to personnel safety but does represent a minor threat to equipment. In the event of an extended power outage, during which accumulation of water is possible, temporary sump pumps powered by mobile generators will be installed to remove it.

The sump pits in the enclosure are already within a confined space. These are inspected and maintained by appropriately trained personnel. The Facilities Engineering Services Section has prescribed the procedures for working in such areas.

2.2.10Environmental Protection

Activities with the potential to impact the environment are discussed in the EA. These include discharges of heat from cooling systems, discharges of radioactivity in air or water, direct activation of groundwater, and the management of a large inventory of mineral oil. To assure that the mineral oil, even in the event of a large spill, does not contaminate the groundwater, the groundwater sump will have a riser extending 20' above the bottom of the vault, above the level to which the oil would rise. In the case of the MiniBooNE detector, the only discharge of heat to the environment is the HVAC compressor which discharges to the air. The conclusions of the Finding of No Significant Impact indicate that monitoring is an appropriate method to control these factors, which may then be mitigated by operational changes. Responsibilities for monitoring during the operational phase have been specified in the MOU between MiniBooNE and Fermilab.

2.2.11Lasers

One or more laser systems will be used by the experimenters to measure oil attenuation lengths and for photomultiplier tube calibration. These will be designed to be entirely enclosed systems, with no accessible laser radiation. Procedures for these systems will be developed in accordance with FESHM Chapter 5062, and an Operation Readiness Review will be conducted prior to their operation.

3.0Operational Readiness Requirements

As stated in Section Operational Phase, the MiniBooNE beamline and the MiniBooNE detector will be subject to operational readiness reviews. This section summarizes the general goals to be met prior to obtaining the requisite operational readiness clearances.

3.1Emergency Preparedness and Emergency Communications

In accordance with the Fermilab Emergency Preparedness Plan the Laboratory will remain in a state of readiness to respond to any type of emergency that may arise in these facilities, during both the construction phase as well as the commissioning and operations phases. The Laboratory has long-standing mutual aid agreements for additional emergency support from surrounding municipalities, if necessary. The Laboratory's Fire Department personnel will be required to familiarize themselves with the layout of the new facilities and to understand how to gain access to the area in the event of an emergency. As new Fermilab or subcontractor personnel are assigned to work in the MiniBooNE areas, they will be briefed on the emergency response procedures and how to summon aid. Fermilab is located in a tornado area and is occasionally subject to severe weather in the form of high winds and heavy rains. The Fermilab Emergency Preparedness Plan prescribes procedures to be followed in the event of a tornado on or near the Fermilab site. Tornado shelter areas will be designated. From an emergency planning standpoint, the construction, commissioning and operation of these facilities does not present scenarios for which Fermilab is incapable of responding.

3.2Procedures for Safe Commissioning and Operations

The following Fermilab policies are applicable to the commissioning and operational phases of this Project.

3.2.1Conduct of Operations

When the MiniBooNE beamline comes into operation, it will be integrated into the overall operation of the Fermilab accelerators in compliance with Section 2010 of the FESHM. Operations will be conducted following the 18 requirements specified in the Beams Division Operations Department Guidelines for the Conduct of Operations. It is Beams Division policy that beam will not be introduced into any accelerator facility until

• Equipment and components are configured in a manner to safely allow beam,

• Operational beam limits have been established consistent with the requirements of the shielding assessment for the given beamline enclosure.

Beams Division policy states that no beam will be transported without an authorized Beam Permit and Running Conditions specifying the beam power or beam power equivalent limitations. Beam Permit and Running Conditions are initiated only after a review by the Division Head as described in Beam Division Administrative Procedure BDAP-11-0001.

The MiniBooNE Experiment will compile a complete hazard analysis in accordance with the Fermilab Review Procedures for Experiments. The MiniBooNE detectors will be subject to review by Fermilab personnel with expertise in ES&H and relevant technical areas. The MiniBooNE detectors will meet the criteria specified in the course of these reviews prior to operation.

3.2.2Qualification of Personnel

The Beams Division Operations Department has a long-standing, well-documented training program for its personnel, consisting of reading materials, videotapes, lectures, walk-arounds, self-assessment quizzes, stage checks by departmental staff, and on-the-job training (OJT). Operation of the 8 GeV Fixed Target Facility will be integrated into this program as well. Operator safety training records are kept in the Laboratory's "TRAIN" database, which is accessible at the duty assistant's desk in the Main Control Room. Accelerator-specific training records are maintained by the Operations Department Head.

Fermilab users in the MiniBooNE Collaboration will be trained in accordance with the provisions of Fermilab Procedures for Experimenters.

3.2.3Waste Handling, Storage and Disposal

For many years the Laboratory has been carrying out comprehensive programs for the handling, storage, and disposal of both radioactive wastes and hazardous chemical wastes. The various waste programs are described in the FESHM, Chapter 8020. These programs will apply also to waste produced as a result of the construction and operation of the facility.

3.3Decontamination and Decommissioning

It is the policy of Fermilab to maintain information necessary for future decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) of any or all of the facilities at the Laboratory. The eventual D&D of the beamlines, accelerators and other facilities at Fermilab, will be done in accordance with the provisions of FESHM, Chapter 8070. To facilitate D&D, the inner parts of the target pile, which will become the most highly activated, will be designed with remote handling capability, both in size and shape.

4.0Conclusions

It is the intent of the MiniBooNE Collaboration and the project management that the technical and scientific goals of this Project be achieved in a safe and environmentally sound manner. This document summarizes a variety of potential ES&H hazards that might be encountered in the construction, installation and operation of this Project at Fermilab. The conclusion of the MiniBooNE Collaboration is that all major hazards have been identified and can be addressed by the means discussed here and in the references. This PSAD will serve as the basis for a Safety Assessment Document (SAD) for the 8 GeV Fixed Target facility and MiniBooNE. The SAD will document the actual procedures and actions taken to achieve the construction, installation and operation of this Project in compliance with applicable regulations and with Fermilab policy.

5.0References